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UNIX example 1: using directory handling functions
This sample prints out the current directory, and then recurses through subdirectories.

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

void ScanDir(char *dir, int indent)
{
    DIR *dp;
    struct dirent *dir_entry;
    struct stat stat_info;

    if((dp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr,"cannot open directory: %s\n", dir);
        return;
    }
    chdir(dir);
    while((dir_entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
        lstat(dir_entry->d_name,&stat_info);
        if(S_ISDIR(stat_info.st_mode)) {
            /* Directory, but ignore . and .. */
            if(strcmp(".",dir_entry->d_name) == 0 ||
                strcmp("..",dir_entry->d_name) == 0)
                continue;
            printf("%*s%s/\n",indent,"",dir_entry->d_name);
            /* Recurse at a new indent level */
            ScanDir(dir_entry->d_name,indent+4);
        }
        else printf("%*s%s\n",indent,"",dir_entry->d_name);
    }
    chdir("..");
    closedir(dp);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    char *topdir, defaultdir[2]=".";
    if (argc != 2) {
         printf("Argument not supplied - using current
           directory.\n");
         topdir=defaultdir;
    }
    else
        topdir=argv[1];
    printf("Directory scan of %s\n",topdir);
    ScanDir(topdir,0);
    printf("done.\n");

    exit(0);
}

Win32 example 1: using directory handling functions
This sample prints out the current directory, and then recurses through subdirectories. It uses the FindFirstFile(), FindNextFile(), and FindClose() Win32 API functions.

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void ScanDir(char *dirname, int indent)
{
    BOOL            fFinished;
    HANDLE          hList;
    TCHAR           szDir[MAX_PATH+1];
    TCHAR           szSubDir[MAX_PATH+1];
    WIN32_FIND_DATA FileData;

    // Get the proper directory path
    sprintf(szDir, "%s\\*", dirname);

    // Get the first file
    hList = FindFirstFile(szDir, &FileData);
    if (hList == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    { 
        printf("No files found\n\n");
    }
    else
    {
        // Traverse through the directory structure
        fFinished = FALSE;
        while (!fFinished)
        {
            // Check the object is a directory or not
            if (FileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
            {
                if ((strcmp(FileData.cFileName, ".") != 0) &&
(strcmp(FileData.cFileName, "..") != 0))
                {
                    printf("%*s%s\\\n", indent, "",
                      FileData.cFileName);

                    // Get the full path for sub directory
                    sprintf(szSubDir, "%s\\%s", dirname,
                      FileData.cFileName);

                    ScanDir(szSubDir, indent + 4);
                }
            }
            else
                printf("%*s%s\n", indent, "", FileData.cFileName);


            if (!FindNextFile(hList, &FileData))
            {
                if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
                {
                    fFinished = TRUE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    FindClose(hList);
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *pszInputPath;
    char pwd[2] = ".";

    if (argc < 2)
    {
        printf("Argument not supplied - using current directory.\n");
        pszInputPath = pwd;
    }
    else
    {
        pszInputPath = argv[1];
        printf("Input Path: %s\n\n", pszInputPath);
    }

    ScanDir(pszInputPath, 0);

    printf("\ndone.\n");
}